What does chmod 755 mean?

Each digit is the sum of read (4), write (2) and execute (1) for owner, group and others. 7 = 4+2+1 (rwx) for the owner, 5 = 4+1 (r-x) for group and others: the usual setting for scripts and directories.

Almost never. It lets every user on the system change or replace the file. Web files are usually 644 and directories 755; private keys should be 600.

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Chmod Calculator

Convert Unix permissions between checkboxes, numbers and rwx.

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Works in Your Browser

Chmod calculator

Unix file permissions, numeric and symbolic

Setuid (4000)Setgid (2000)Sticky (1000)

Octal

Symbolic

File or folder name

Owner can read, write and execute. Group and others can read and execute.

Common permissions

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How to use the chmod calculator

Three steps, all in your browser.

1
Set the permissions
Tick read, write and execute, or type a number such as 755.
2
Read the result
Matches, differences or the explanation update as you type.
3
Copy the result
Copy the output in one click. Nothing is saved or sent anywhere.

Chmod Calculator: what to know

The chmod calculator converts Unix file permissions between checkboxes, the numeric (octal) form such as 755 and the symbolic form such as rwxr-xr-x. Tick read, write and execute for the owner, the group and everyone else, or type a number, and copy the chmod command.

Each permission has a value: read is 4, write is 2 and execute is 1. Add them for each class of user to get one digit, so rwx is 7, r-x is 5 and r-- is 4. The three digits are for the owner, the group and others, in that order. For directories, execute means permission to enter the directory and read means permission to list it.

Common settings: 644 for regular files (owner can write, everyone can read), 755 for directories and executable scripts, 600 for private files such as SSH keys, which ssh refuses to use if others can read them. 777 lets every user modify the file and is almost never the right fix for a permission error.

Popular uses

Setting permissions on web server files
Fixing 'permissions are too open' errors for SSH keys
Making a script executable
Reading permissions shown by ls -l

Tips for the best result

Run ls -l to see current permissions in symbolic form.
Use chmod -R carefully: files and directories usually need different permissions.
Prefer fixing ownership (chown) over widening permissions to 777.

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